We may think that we need a lot of things.  We may think we need cable TV, our morning coffee and bagel, a couple of pints at the pub each Friday, or a really big house with a mortgage that the lender had to “make work for our income.”

These aren’t really needs when we get down to it, of course.  They’re wants.

The stuff we really need — after breathing — are (a) food (and clean water) in our stomachs, (b) clothes on our backs, and (c) cover over our heads.  To this you might add basic medical care, education, and a few other very important things.

Most people (especially if you’re reading this now, and especially me) can stand to cut out a lot of non-essential items if it’s needed.  This is extreme downsizing and simplification.  It isn’t fun, but it can be done.  Moreover, what’s spent on the essentials can be trimmed way down to boot as well, by doing the little money-saving things again.  Even the essentials can be simplified and scaled back!

Here are a few ways to get by on spending less for food:

• Consider generic brands over name brands.  Generic or store brands are usually (but not always) cheaper than the name brand, and for some products they’re comparable or even better than the name brands.  I prefer store brand diet soda in some cases because I like the taste of one sweetener over another.
• Use coupons for items you buy anyway.  You can get them a number of places, like your weekend newspaper, from magazines, online at the websites for the products, or online at places like CoolSavings or MyPoints.
• Substitute less expensive foods.  How about oatmeal instead of cereal?  How about eggs instead of meat?  How about rice and beans?
• Buy food that requires more preparation or reconstitution.  As in dried beans over canned beans, dehydrated milk over milk in a carton, raw oatmeal over instant oatmeal, or big bags of rice over instant rice.  The other advantage of reconstituting food is that it may keep longer than the “fresh” food.
• Buy food with less packaging.  Packaging means extra cost, and the food tastes the same if it can be resealed and consumed in time.  Binder clips work fine to keep “family-size” snack bags shut.  Reusable storage containers are great for all kinds of food storage.
• Buy in bulk if the price is right and if you know you’ll use what you buy.  We buy rice 50 pounds at a time, and use it.  I buy the big Costco-size box of oatmeal, and eat it.  It usually saves money to buy in quantity.
• Spend more at the grocery store and less at the restaurant.  The cost savings is clear here.  Eat in with friends as opposed to eating out with friends.
• Learn a few easy, cheap recipes.  I know how to cook rice well enough so that I can prepare a cheap, filling lunch (and dinner sometimes) merely by putting a few ounces of beans over the top with some Worcestershire sauce.  Heck, adding rice to a can of soup works, too.
• Be diligent about consuming leftovers.  Odds are you’ll only be eating the same stuff a few days in a row at most.  (Except at Thanksgiving: It’s turkey leftovers for at least a week!)

Cut your clothing bills, too:

• Make your clothes last.  Making things last can be a money-saver.  My wife is an excellent sewer and has given some of my clothes an extra life.  Simple Debt Free Living has a decent introduction and link collection for clothing repair.  But even before that, be kind to your clothes in the washer and don’t overdry them. 
• Check out yard sales.  We’ve found great deals on baby clothes at yard sales, as in maybe a dime apiece for a bagful.  My wife and I have found clothes for us, too.
• Check out thrift shops.  Sometimes the donated clothing has hardly been worn.  The bigger ones usually have a good selection of sizes.  Sometimes they run sales to make room for things.
• Check out consignment shops.  These are perceived as a little higher-brow than thrift stores but the premise is the same:  buy used and save.
• Check out the clearance racks in department stores.  Some department stores perpetually mark things up just to mark them down, but there are still good deals to be had at places like Macy’s or Kohl’s.  Since my wife has a Macy’s store charge card she gets special coupons that get her some really good deals.  Wal-Mart’s hard to beat, too.
• Check out eBay.  There’s always eBay!  They’ve been getting much more buyer-friendly these days.  Buyers cannot receive negative feedback anymore, and eBay is also waging war against inflated shipping charges (which is in their interest, but that’s another story).

Cutting costs on shelter can be a touchy subject but please remember, it boils down to a roof over your head:

• If you’re renting, think very carefully before buying a house.  Owning a house is a worthwhile goal but it can be very expensive.  During the real estate bubble times of the past few years it was more expensive to own a house than it was to rent.  Or, if it was affordable to own a house, in some areas, it would become too expensive later (adjustable rate mortgages).  The start-up costs can be a bit of a shock.  Plus, you’re a lot less mobile in a home than in a rented apartment.
• Reduce operating costs of your living space.  Keep the temperature warmer in the summer and cooler in the winter.  Use compact fluorescent lightbulbs where you can.  Seal cracks where heat (or cool air) can escape.  Don’t use the clothes dryer for one pair of socks.  And so forth.
• Reduce financing costs of your living space.  Pay the mortgage (or rent) on time.  Consider paying the mortgage down a little faster.  Consider refinancing an adjustable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate mortgage to remove interest rate risk and take advantage of a depreciating currency.  Work to get rid of private mortgage insurance as soon as possible.
• Test the waters for signs of trouble.  Is the checkbook balance going down month by month?  Why?  Is it due to increasing costs associated with your living space?  Is is possible to move into a cheaper living space if the costs of your current living space are getting out of control?  (A good friend realized this.  His family had built a larger house and had been renting their original, smaller house.  The costs of the larger house were too much, so they are working to sell off that one and move back in to their original house.  Hey, it happens, but they recognized what the problem was and are fixing it.)
• Can someone share your living space?  Can you take on a boarder or a roommate?  An unmarried woman at work has a house and has taken on a roommate to subsidize her housing cost.  Alan Corey did this to great benefit; he took the smallest room in the house so that he could rent out the larger ones for more money.
• No affordable options in your area?  Since moving is costly, it’s usually easier to cut other expenses before contemplating a move, especially one out of town to a less expensive area.  But if nothing else seems to work, this is an option.  It may mean leaving friends and family, and finding another job, but the housing cost issue can go away if the price difference is large enough.
• What if the worst happens and you lose your living space?  There are some options.  They’re not great options, obviously, but better than nothing.  Living after foreclosure or eviction might mean moving in with someone who will take you (and your family if they’re involved).  It can mean finding a church or other group that will take you as a “shut-in.”  It could mean taking whatever job you can and renting by the week (Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Nickel and Dimed found this to be a tough life ).  Even more simply, it could mean pitching a tent or sleeping in your car.  This kind of living isn’t something I’d wish on anyone, but unfortunately more people will be thrust into this kind of situation.  And in any case, it doesn’t have to be forever.

Who’s to blame for the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression?

Warning… long rant ahead.

Have you heard the latest bad joke around? Okay not this bailout crisis joke I wrote about a week or so ago but the one on how we’re socializing our financial markets by making the taxpayers bail out all our financial institutions. As someone put it, “this is a form of wealth distribution alright, the government robbing from the poor to give to the rich….”.

So when will this nightmare of a crisis end? Sure we’re shoring up our failing banks and institutions right now, and even possibly certain vital industries that are the heart and pulse of our nation. But, I also see the flip-side, which is the fact that we (and our kids, and maybe even our grandkids) will be paying off for this till kingdom come, with the whole thing financed by our debt to foreign interests (e.g. Chinese).

This soap opera can’t be without its sorry cast of characters.

Golden Sach’s Bailout Man: Henry Paulson and George W. Bush, by Buckfush

Big 3 take private jets to grovel for cash, by Daily News

Capitalism Gone Awry

I wonder: how naive have I been? I am big on capitalism and believe wholeheartedly in rewarding anyone for the work they’ve done and value they’ve produced. I’ve always been of the mind that, if a CEO does well by his company and makes me happy as a stockholder, I have no qualms in approving a commensurate pay package for the geezer.

I’ve always been a proponent of self-regulation and a laissez faire economy, but this very thing has led to the disasters we’re seeing today. Now with the government sweeping in to save “the big guys” from themselves and their gross mistakes, I see that apparently, self-accountability is optional in this free market. Very interesting what this blog has to say:

Now consider: finance is a necessary function, but is represents a tax, a drain on the productive economy, just as defense and lawyers do. It is ironic that free market fundamentalists have so vociferously argued for unfettered markets, without understanding (or perhaps understanding all too well) that the house always wins.

The whole crisis has caused a very large swing from one extreme to another, the moving pendulum leaving behind much collateral damage: credit’s gone from very loose to extremely tight overnight.

Some people who had access to a lot of credit will correctly have a lot less, and that on dearer terms. But there are also perfectly worthwhile businesses and individuals who are also caught in the meat grinder of indiscriminate reduction of loan balances. Times are bad, and any efforts to extract more revenues from customers, even if it is blood from a turnip, or worse, even if it puts a viable business under, is warranted.

Silly me to have been so gullible, as I now stand confused about what should be done and how the economy should be run. It doesn’t help that I keep reading stuff like this to feed my migraines and sour stomach bouts.

How This Economic Crisis Is Breaking Financial Rules

What stance do I take now, as a die-hard pro-business supporter? I had placed my faith in the “powers that be” and didn’t think I’d ever see these levels of corruption, unchecked greed and blatant mismanagement in a first world country on this grand a scale (yes, I say this as someone who’s no stranger to the machinations of the third world, where corrupt ineptitude is rampant). This stuff happens, sure enough, but it happens in another world, and under the covers.

But there’s no hiding the ugly anymore. All I can see now is just how the ruling class has done a number on the working masses. And for the millions of people who followed the financial rule book throughout their lives to meet a horrible end to their futures because of the incompetent, morally degenerate few — well, I can say I’m beyond disappointed, and have crossed the line to feeling outrage and disgust.

Yes, this crisis is breaking all sorts of rules, including those I’d consider as long-standing successful personal financial tenets. Responsible approaches to personal finance don’t have a chance against a crisis of tsunamic proportions:

So let’s see — doing the right thing by scrimping, saving, investing, diversifying, doing proper asset allocation, avoiding market timing, indexing, and hedging against inflation through equities, even doing your job well will no longer guarantee you a splendid, worry-free financial future. Not when a “once in a century financial event” can just come by and rob you off the stuff you worked so hard for; not when someone “up there” can change the rules for you, just like that.

I didn’t necessarily see it coming, but some of my readers here have: I see just how observant readers have been, as they’ve shared their insights on the causes and consequences of the subprime mortgage financial crisis, the pros and cons of financial bailouts, and the relevance of market timing during a stock market bear and the current investment climate.

The Economic Crisis Calls For Faith: Do You Have Any To Spare?

Perhaps I’ve placed far too much faith in the integrity of our political and business leaders and trends in modern history to believe that our financial system was strong enough (and people were smart and honest enough) to absorb any shakeups, shocks and imbalances that happen. I still have hope, but recent events continually call to question my position in this matter.

Not long ago, I had asked: who’s to blame for the subprime mortgage mess? I said then that everyone here had a hand in this (from the mortgage lenders to the developers to the Fed to ignorant homeowners), but in reality, I’m now seeing where the bulk of that blame should go. It should be clear by now who should bear the brunt of your harsh judgment: follow the money.

Sure we (as the little people) can’t really do much about this (except whine, rant and call the villains out), but with more discussion, we can spread awareness of these ridiculous affairs. What I got out of this is that there’s little out there we can count on and few people we can trust when it comes to our finances. A sobering thought. Do you think there are really any lessons and takeaways here for the future? Do we even have much of a future the way it’s been mortgaged?

I welcome your thoughts on this matter. Fire away!

This is a post from The Digerati Life.

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In a clear sign the federal government is far more concerned about the financial health of mortgage finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac than its public comments indicated as late as Friday, the U.S. government Sunday night announced what some are calling a “massive aid” package to the two shareholder owned and run companies officially cementing a government relationship that till now was only implied but never admitted to.
According to a Reuters dispatch, the plan, which will require swift approval from Congress, is designed to “head off a potential meltdown in financial markets.”

Here’s what the government is offering Fannie and Freddie:

1. Access to its emergency cash–the so-called discount window
2. A huge “temporary” increase in the line of credit available
3. The U.S. Treasury will, for the first time ever, purchase equity in both companies should it be needed
4. Investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission to stop the spread of “false information.”

Both Fannie and Freddie are vital to the housing market–they buy mortgages from banks and other lenders and either keep them or repackage them into securities that are sold to investors.

“Welcome to the socialist state”

Strong words from some critics are already greeting the government plan. Josh Rosner, the managing director at Graham Fisher in New York told Reuters, “It’s outrageous. It’s offensive. Welcome to the socialist state. In capitalism, winners are supposed to reap rewards and losers are supposed to take losses for bad risk management. These are private companies.”

But others are deeply concerned that should Fannie and Freddie fail–though they both say they are well capitalized–the shockwaves would cause a financial meltdown world-wide.

The most troubling part of the government plan,perhaps, is the possibility the Treasury might buy equity in Fannie and Freddie. Some critics charge this could end up costing taxpayers enormous sums of money.

It will be interesting to see whether Wall Street gives the plan a thumbs up or thumbs down during Monday’s trading.

Here are 2 more articles worth reading:

• Government as the Big Lender
• Treasury Acts to Save Mortgage Giants

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This Post is from the BiggerPockets Real Estate Blog. Copyright © 2008 BiggerPockets, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

FEDS BAIL OUT FANNIE AND FREDDIE; EMERGENCY MEASURES TAKEN

INDYMAC IS OFFICALLY CLOSED!!!

In the past minutes newswires around the country and world are now reporting that the Federal Government has shut down IndyMac Bank and has handed it to the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.) as conservator.

Couple the shut down with the Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac troubles, and we’re in for some really rocky waters next week. I’m willing to bet a lot of money that the announcement was held back from being made prior to the close of the stock market because of fears of a massive crash. Well . . . I think we’ll be seeing that happen this coming Monday!

Fasten your seat belts, people . . . we’re in for a ROCKY RIDE!

IndyMac Bank’s assets were seized by federal regulators on Friday after the mortgage lender succumbed to the pressures of tighter credit, tumbling home prices and rising foreclosures.

The bank is the largest regulated thrift to fail and the second largest financial institution to close in U.S. history, regulators said.

Yahoo Finance

In the biggest bank failure of the housing downturn to date, federal banking regulators today closed IndyMac Bank FSB, naming the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. as conservator.

The FDIC said it will transfer insured deposits and “substantially all the assets” of IndyMac Bank, to a newly created successor, IndyMac Federal Bank, which will be operated by the FDIC.

Insured depositors and borrowers will automatically become customers of IndyMac Federal, FSB and will continue to have uninterrupted customer service and access to their funds by ATM, debit cards and writing checks. Depositors of IndyMac Federal Bank FSB will have no access to online and phone banking services this weekend, but will regain access to them on Monday.

Inman News

IndyMac Bancorp Inc. became the second-biggest federally insured financial company to fail today after a run by depositors left the California mortgage lender short on cash.

The Pasadena, California-based bank specialized in so-called Alt-A mortgages, which didn’t require borrowers to provide documentation on their incomes. Its home state has been among the hardest hit by foreclosures.

Bloomberg

What’s next? Anyone?

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This Post is from the BiggerPockets Real Estate Blog. Copyright © 2008 BiggerPockets, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

BREAKING: IndyMac Bank is Shut Down and Taken Over by Feds

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, combined, own or back up some $5 trillion dollars of debt. That is about half of ALL the mortgages in the U.S. They have already lost some $11 BILLION since the current mortgage/credit crisis began, so it is easy to see why there is profound concern about their fiscal health–or lack there of.

Concern turned to horror today after the New York Times reported that the U.S. government is thinking about a takeover of the mortgage giants–placing them in a conservatorship.

Should that happen, the shares of both could be worth almost nothing and taxpayers, you and me, would have to pick up the tab, says the Times, for “any losses on mortgages they own or guarantee–which could be staggering…”

This news brought about what the AFP news agency referred to in a headline as a “meltdown” of the share prices of both Fannie and Freddie.

According to Reuters, “Fannie shares closed at $10.25, down some 22 percent but well above the session low of $6.68. Freddie closed at $7.75, down 3 percent, after touching a low of $3.89 earlier in the session.”

And, here is the most amazing part of the story. Freddie and Fannie have lost almost 90 percent of their enture value just since August, says Reuters.

Doubts about bailout

As the day drew to a hectic close, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson sent out signals that it is not likely there will be any federal bailout–However, Sen. Christopher Dodd of Connecticut, who is chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, said he spoke with both Paulson and Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke and that they are looking at options that would include “opening access to the discount window,” Reuters reports. The discount window allows the Fed to act as an emergency lender for the banking system.

Meantime, both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac insisted they have enough capital to keep going and Sen. Dodd said both are “fundamentally sound and strong.”

Although both were originally formed by the federal government, they now function as private corporations, though there has always been an assumption that the government would never let either go under for fear of what might happen to the entire financial system in this country and, indeed, around the world.

How they got into trouble
To understand how they got into trouble, you must first understand what it is they do. Both buy up literally hundreds of billions of dollars in mortgages–then repackage them as securities.

In some cases, they hold on to these new securities, but they also sell them to investors.

That is why when the subprime mortgage crisis hit,Fannie and Freddie were hit hard. And, says the New York Times, “analysts expect the companies to announce a new round of write-downs and possibly be forced to raise capital by issuing additional shares.”

Stocks tumble then regain

At first, the fears of a Fannie/Freddie implosion plunged the Dow Jones Industrial Average down more than 200 points…but, by the end of the trading day, it closed down “just” 128.48 points.

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This Post is from the BiggerPockets Real Estate Blog. Copyright © 2008 BiggerPockets, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac: What Will The Feds Do?

I made 12 phone calls today. 2.5 hours of talk time. Here’s what I learned:

1. All mortgage companies cost the same-ish.  If their rates were lower, their closing costs were higher.  If their rates were higher, the closing costs were lower.
2. Some mortgage companies sell your loans.  3 of the mortgage companies I called today gave me an unsolicited aside:  “We buy loans.  We don’t sell them.”  Does that mean that you should always go with a direct lender?  Nope.  It just means that the mortgage company might not be able to view or change things if the mortgage is owned by someone else.
3. You don’t need to give out all your information (address, social security) to get rates and closing costs.  You can get ballpark numbers as long as you provide the purchase price, the down payment amount, and the type of mortgage.
4. If you call a company and they won’t give you any estimated numbers without giving all your information, hang up.  Call again.  A different mortgage specialist will be glad to help you without giving all your information.
5. Closing cost fees are where you can differentiate a mortgage company from another.  Ask the mortgage people to break down their closing fees.  Fees can include:
   • Property appraisal
   • Credit report
   • Lender’s inpsection
   • Mortgage insurance application
   • Assumption
   • Mortgage broker fee
   • Tax related service fee
   • Application
   • Commitment
   • Rate lock
   • Processing
   • Underwriting
   • Wire transfer
   • Abstract or title search
   • Title examination
   • Document preparation
   • Notary
   • Attorney
   • Title insurance
   • Recording
   • City/county tax stamps
   • Transfer tax
   • Survey
   • Pest inspection
   • Condominium application
   • Prepaids for interest
   • Prepaids for hazard insurance
   • Prepaids for property taxes
   • Prepaids for mortgage insurance
   • Prepaids for flood insurance
6. The rates and payments assume you have great credit and good stability.  They want to quote you the best rate and closing costs possible so they pretty much assume you’re a model citizen.
7. Lenders don’t like it too much if you’re quitting your job and you don’t have a job secured yet.  Hopefully you have a wife or wife-to-be who looks more stable to lenders.
8. They ask you if the down payment is gift money or if you saved it on your own.  No one gave me a clear answer on why they ask that question.
9. Do your research even if your wife-to-be’s sister’s soon-to-be husband is a mortgage specialist.  You never know…
10. Every mortgage person you talk to will give you a piece of advice.  The advice that resurfaces the most is probably important.

Did I apply for a mortgage yet?  Nope.  This whole day just narrowed down my choice to 2 or 3 mortgage lenders.  Time to talk to Miss Soon-To-Be-Wife…

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Last year while big lenders like Countrywide collapsed and Wall Street took a beating on mortgage-backed securities, smaller banks weathered the storm pretty well. These guys seemed pretty stodgy while the market was racing along, home values were zooming, and investors were chomping at the bit to jump into the latest negative-amortization mortgage structure. But slow and steady wins the race, as it turns out. Smaller banks wouldn't touch this stuff with a ten foot pole. They looked like luddites a couple of years ago, but they're looking pretty smart right now.

When I started this website I funded it with the backing of Partners Bank of Texas, a small Houston based private bank with assets of less than $200 million. Last year Partners was acquired by Texas based Sterling Bank. Sterling is somewhat larger than Partners - with assets of around $4 billion - but they're very small when compared to, say, Wells Fargo, which has assets of around $600 billion.

In the past I've relied on companies like USAA ($68 billion in assets) and Wells Fargo, but Sterling is my go-to bank now. USAA is the financial institution dedicated to serving current and former members of the military community, and I've been a member for over twenty years, starting when I was a cadet at the United States Military Academy. I still appreciate their great customer service (although some of their lending practices have annoyed me). But even though I have a military connection with USAA, at the end of the day I'm just a number. No one knows me there. They put my data into a computer and it spits out an answer.

But when I talk to Sterling, I'm sitting across the table from the guy who is gonna make the decision. And I like that. When I trying to get this website funded I spent almost a year jumping through hoops for the guys over at Bank of America ($1.7 trillion in assets) and the venture capitalists wanted me to sign away my first born. But at Partners (now Sterling) I got to sit across from someone and pitch my idea; and the woman who I talked to was the same person empowered to make the decision.

I'll still shop the big boys for the plain vanilla deals I'm considering. But when I'm looking at some more challenging opportunities in this crazy market - raw land and multi-family - my first stop is Sterling. Real estate investing is all about relationships, and smart investors know that their reputation can be one of their most valuable assets.