With a divorce rate of around 50% and many people not marrying until they are in their thirties, it is surprising to find that there are still many women who aren't financially educated. Most of this can be traced back to two factors: upbringing at home and society. In both cases, boys have often been given much more training and many more resources than girls have and the effects are damaging women financially today as they face a world in which they have to take care of monetary issues on their own but have never developed the skills to do so.

The Safe, Secure 1950's

In the 1950's most women quickly married and settled down to raise families. Very few of them worked outside the home, and finances were handled by the men. It was a financially prosperous time and women were expected to focus on the home and child-rearing. This focus on home-making was passed on to daughters while sons were groomed to the "breadwinners" of the family.

The obvious separation between girls and boys activities also managed to keep girls "sheltered" from financial concerns. They weren't expected to pay for anything on a date and parents didn't often expect them to hold down jobs. Boys, on the other hand, were expected to get a job at a young age, even if it was merely a paper route. The expectation was that a young man needed to "take on some responsibility" and "contribute."

As the generation raised in the 1950's grew up and raised families of their own, they passed on the financial biases that had been instilled in them to their own children. Many of today's parents have made the same mistakes their own mothers and fathers did, ignoring the obvious need for women to understand and learn to handle their own finances in favor of hoping that their daughters wouldn't have to face the harsh financial facts of life.

The belief that men would take care of women's financial needs was so ingrained that many of the "big picture" financial lessons were overlooked. Women tended to learn how to shop for bargains at the grocery store, stretch the budget at the holidays and that was about it. More complex lessons such as long-term investments, retirement planning and stock portfolio development were not a part of the picture.

Boys learned how to manage their money, save for a rainy day, and make smart investments and a host of other financial strategies.

Play and School Contribute to Gender Gap

Interestingly, boys more than girls tend to develop habits that are more geared toward understanding numbers and how they relate to finances from a very young age. While girls tend to be "collectors," says Joline Godfrey, founder of Independent Means, "boys develop informal economies based on relative value from the age of six on while trading cards and other items. By the time boys start trading stocks and bonds, it's just another form of the game." Independent Means is a company which promotes economic independence and growth for girls and women aged 14 to 24.

Even in school settings, boys are rewarded more consistently for being risk-takers, and investing is often perceived as a risky venture. Girls aren't encouraged to take risks and aren't rewarded for these types of behaviors and instead are likely to be cautioned to be careful. When faced with the prospect of learning about investing in the stock market or learning about retirement options, these same girls - now women - are more fearful of making decisions and less sure of themselves in making choices for themselves.

Statistics Show Gender Bias

A recent survey showed some startling discrepancies even today between teenage boys and girls and how much education they have received in the very basics of finance. Some of the findings include:

* Many more teenage boys than girls report understanding of how to write a check and how a credit card works, including accrued interest. * Teenage girls are much more likely to be in debt than boys, with almost 50% reporting credit card debt as opposed to less than a quarter of teen boys having any debt. * Girls are more likely to report that learning about investing is boring, while boys report a real interest in learning about it. When asked to elaborate, girls often pointed out that this wasn't something they would be doing in the future, while boys indicated that it was important to learn so that they could be successful.

The perception that girls shouldn't have to worry about their financial future in the long term (based upon the faulty premise that a man will take care of her or that she can hire a financial consultant to handle all of the boring stuff) is still present in many homes. Fortunately, the balance is beginning to shift as more parents realize that women who are successful in their careers must also be able to guide their own financial futures, not rely on others to do it for them.

Programs Aim at Closing the Gap

Today's girls are more likely to learn how to handle money at a young age. Cautionary tales in the news and on talk shows about women left destitute and the fear that social security can no longer support an individual in their golden years has, perhaps, contributed to this. After all, with most women outliving their spouses and more than half of women divorced, it's likely that today's girls will be supporting themselves in their retirement years - understanding Roth IRAs suddenly becomes very important.

Companies and organizations are also stepping to the forefront with programs designed to educate teens in general and girls in particular. Boys and Girls Clubs of America, in collaboration with Charles Schwab, offer Money Matters: Make It Count programs in cities across the country.

Visa works with Girl Scouts of the USA to provide two resources, the Cashin' In workbook and the Makin' Cents web game, to teach girls aged 13-17 financial responsibility. The web game specifically challenges players to find real-world solutions for characters' financial challenges.

With such programs increasingly popular and the need for women to understand finances now a hot topic, it's to be hoped that this generation of fathers will teach their daughters as much about finance as they teach their sons.

Carrie Carter: Author of: Think Your Way to Riches Kids' Style

For more information or to arrange an interview with Carrie Carter at 810.252.2281 e-mail: carrie114cr@aol.com or visit: www.ThinkYourWayToRichesKidsStyle.com

Carrie's passion is to help people on their inner journey to discover their personal road map for abundance, peace, and happiness. Her main passion is to give children worldwide the "Tools" which are lacking in the normal educational system and understanding to create the abundant lifestyle they are all worthy of. Experience Carrie's educational seminars, workshops, and private life coaching.

About the Author

Carrie's passion is to help people on their inner journey to discover their personal road map for abundance, peace, and happiness. Her main passion is to give children worldwide the "Tools" which are lacking in the normal educational system and understanding to create the abundant lifestyle they are all worthy of. Experience Carrie's educational seminars, workshops, and private life coaching.

If you have ever read an article on eBay, you'll have discovered the type of income people earn - it isn't strange to find out about people earning thousands of dollars per month on eBay. Next time you are surfing the eBay site, check out how many PowerSellers there are: you'll find quite a few. Now think about the fact every single one of one of them must be making at least $1,000 per month, as that's eBay's requirement for becoming a PowerSeller. Silver PowerSellers make at least $3,000 monthly, while Gold PowerSellers make more than $10,000, and the Platinum level is $25,000. The top level is Titanium PowerSeller, and to measure up you must make at least $150,000 in sales each month!

It's hard to believe that Ebay has been around for ten years. eBay started in September 1995, by a man named Pierre Omidyar, who was residing in San Jose, California. He envisioned his site - formerly known as 'AuctionWeb' - to be an internet mart, and composed the first code for it in one weekend. It was one of the first sites of its type on the planet. The name 'eBay' follows from the domain Omidyar applied to his internet site His company's name was Echo Bay, and the 'eBay AuctionWeb' was formerly just one part of Echo Bay's website at ebay.com. The first product ever traded on the site was Omidyar's defective laser pointer, which sold for $14 .

The web site rapidly became hugely popular, as vendors arrived to auction off all sorts of strange things and buyers actually purchased them. Relying on faith appeared to work out outstandingly well, and implied that the web site could just about be left alone to run itself. The internet site had been configured from the beginning to take in a small fee on every sale, and it was this revenue that Omidyar applied to finance AuctionWeb's expansion. The fees speedily totaled up to more than his salary at the time, so he resolved to quit his job and devote attention to the site full-time. It was at this point in time, in 1996, that he added the feedback capability, to let buyers and sellers rate one another and make purchasing and trading safer.

In 1997, Omidyar modified AuctionWeb's - and his company's - name to 'eBay', which is what people had been using to refer to the site for awhile. He started to spend a great deal of money on promotion, and had the eBay logo created. A milestone was reached in this year - the one-millionth item was sold (it was a miniature version of Big Bird from Sesame Street). Then, in 1998 - the peak of the dot com company boom - eBay became big business, and the investment in Internet businesses at the time allowed it to bring in senior managers and business strategists, who took in public on the stock market. It began to encourage people to trade more than only collectibles, and rapidly morphed into a huge site on which you could trade anything, big or little. Different from the other websites, though, eBay endured the final stage of the bonanza, and is still going strong nowadays.

1999 saw eBay go worldwide, unveiling sites in the UK, Australia and Germany. eBay purchased half.com, an Amazon-like internet retailer, in the year 2000 - the same year it inaugurated Buy it Now - and bought PayPal, an internet payment service, in 2002.

Pierre Omidyar has now cleared an estimated $3 billion from eBay, and still serves as Chairman of the Board.There are now literally millions of items bought and sold every day on eBay, all over the world. For every $100 spent online worldwide, it is estimated that $14 is spent on eBay - that's a lot of laser pointers.

The fact that these PowerSellers are around gives you some idea of the money possibilities on Ebay. Most of the power sellers never intended to even launch a commercial enterprise on eBay - they merely began trading a couple of items, and then continued. There are quite a lot of people whose full-time job is merchandising items on eBay, and some of them have been working at it for years now. Can you believe that? Once they've purchased the merchandise, everything else is basically pure profit for these people - they don't need to spend money on any business premises, employees, or anything else. There are multi-million dollar commercial enterprises earning less in genuine net income than eBay PowerSellers do.

Even if you do not want to resign from your line of work and really try for it, you can use all the same eBay to make a substantial supplemental income. You can package customer purchases during the week and bring them to the local post office for shipping each Saturday. There are few other things you could be doing with your free time that have anywhere close to that kind of money-making potential.

What's more, eBay could care less about who you are, where you reside, or if you are good-looking. Some PowerSellers are very old, or very young. Some live out in very rural areas where selling on eBay is one of the few options to agriculture or being very impoverished. eBay levels the playing field and removes the roadblocks to earning that the real world constantly erects. There's no job interview and no traveling back and forth involved - if you can post items on the site, you can make it happen!

Put it this way: if you know where to acquire something fairly inexpensively that you could sell, then you can sell it on eBay - and because you can always get discount rates for mass purchases at wholesale, that's not hard. Purchase a job lot of something in-demand inexpensively, sell it on eBay, and you are earning cash already, with no set-up expenses.

If you wish to try it out before you commit to really purchasing anything, then you can just sell unwanted objects that you've got sitting around in the home. Explore that closet full of items that you never use, and you'll in all likelihood find you've got a couple of hundred bucks' worth of stuff lying around in there! This is the beauty of eBay: there is always someone who wants what you're selling, whatever it might be, and because they have come searching you out, you don't even need to do anything to get them to buy it.

Please visit http://homebizhelper.com and http://www.computingninternet.com/

About the Author

Dottye is an Educational Consultant. Please visit http://homebizhelper.com and http://www.computingninternet.com/

Welcome to the Carnival of Personal Finance!  It’s officially Cyber Monday 2008, the online doppelgaenger to Black Friday.  This term was coined by the American Retail Federation three years ago after a majority of online retailers saw their sales go up the Monday after Thanksgiving.  Snopes found that the busiest online shopping day is not Cyber Monday but a couple of weeks after.  Regardless of whether online shoppers are only lukewarm about today, one thing’s for sure: there’s way less danger of getting injured by an online shopping cart.

So enjoy the Carnival, and head over to Amazon or eBay with full assurance that the Internet will completely protect you from e-bruising by other online shoppers!

Posts on Budgeting

• Mighty Bargain Hunter gives ways to save on food, clothing, and shelter.
• Canadian Dream: Free at 45 reveals his spending weakness.
• Studenomics asks if you’re cash-strapped this holiday season.
• M is for Money talks about zero-based budgeting.
• Green Panda Treehouse asks a hard question: “Do you pay your mortgage or your medical bills?”
• Penny Jobs asks a good question for tough times: “What can I cut back on?“

Posts on Career

• Economic Crunch runs through a checklist for taking advantage of benefits on a new job.  (These things can be a nice supplement to your salary.)
• Monagomoney offers parallel advice with five things to do if you get laid off.  (Hopefully you’re not needing both this advice and the previous advice in the same day.)
• Dog Ate My Finances (ha!) will take Common Sense for $200, Alex.  (Note:  Careful punctuation is crucial in this blog’s tagline.  Imagine, if you will, a misplaced colon: “Mid twenties.  Big salary.  Paying for some mistakes:  a wedding, and life.”  The name would then have to be changed to Alimony Ate My Finances.)
• Beating Broke asks: “What is freedom worth?“

Posts on Credit and Debt

• Free From Broke chats about medical treatment and how it can affect your credit.  (Especially if the costs are big.)
• Credit Toolbox discusses some aspects of refinancing consumer debt.
• Blueprint for Financial Prosperity has a list of 0% balance transfer offers.  (Fifty different offers.  You should be able to do a 0% transfer of the national debt with this volume of plastic.)
• Ask Mr. Credit Card: “Should teenagers have credit cards?”
• Discover Debt Freedom has some advice for someone trying to get out of debt for the first time.
• Single Guy Money has a credit score checkup.
• My Family’s Money talks about two states’ propositions on payday loans.
• Destroy Debt discusses debt settlement and some factors to consider before doing it.
• Think Your Way To Wealth gives a closer look at the Baby Steps plan.
• Debt Goal tells how to say “no” to your children this holiday season correctly.

Posts on The Economy

• Wide Open Wallet has some ideas as to what the government should be doing during the recession.  (I have my own thoughts but I like to keep this blog clean.)
• Everyday Finance – the Blog of a Thousand Tabs — has some choice words to say about repricing employee stock options.  (Ahh, stock options.  What a cool dream.)
• Amateur Asset Allocator postulates on what a privatized social security system would look like.
• Funny about Money observes that the Dow is up, in spite of it all.  (Yeah, I don’t buy it either.  The market’s always right, but remember, it’s still down over 5,000 points from its high.)
• Frugal in the Fruitlands reviews The Two-Income Trap.
• The Sun’s Financial Diary reports on the extent of the malaise in the banking industry.
• Earn What You Spend discusses some of the relevant financial news as the incoming administration gears up.
• No Credit Needed questions whether spending patterns are in line with the direction the economy is heading.
• Brip Blap gives a superb answer to the question: “Do you need a bailout?“

Posts on Finance

• The Strump wonders why we don’t like to talk about money.  (It’s dangerous, especially if you were wise enough to sell your stocks a while back.)
• InsureBlog discusses discounts and medical plans.
• Accumulating Money talks about Social Security insurance.
• Harvesting Dollars suggests making this year’s bonus season different.  (Assuming you get a bonus, of course.)

Posts on Frugality

• Just Thrive explains three rules for giving the perfect gift without necessarily spending a lot of money.  (Money is tight, so make the most out of your gift-giving.)
• Debt Free Saver has a very simple suggestion for holiday gift-giving.  (It gets back to the basic of gift-giving!)
• Money Ning asks whether we always think that saving money is worth it.
• Monroe on a Budget rattles off some practical Christmas gift ideas.
• The Smarter Wallet has some tips for the early-bird traveler.
• Online Saving Blog tells how to avoid the Black Friday hype.
• Uncommon Cents discusses personal opportunity cost.

Posts on Investing

• Investing School explains the important aspects of bond funds.  (I love how he reminds us that even US Treasuries can default. I happen to agree, but rates will go way up before they do that.)
• Crash Market Stocks goes through the basics of buying and selling options contracts.
• The Financial Blogger wonders if the Dogs of the Dow have had their day.
• Intelligent Speculator questions whether corporate bonds are really safer investments.  (Than, say, Forever Stamps.)
• Dividends4Life discusses how to manage your dividend portfolio in a downturn.
• Four Pillars discusses whether we’ve reached the death of index investing.
• ABCs of Investing gives a quick tutorial on index funds.
• Dividend Growth Investor discusses why companies should pay dividends.
• Greener Pastures talks about the Standard & Poor’s Aristocrat Indexes.
• Monevator shows how to get rich by playing a video game.  (Nice spin on things.)
• Cash Money Life recommends making some year-end retirement account moves.
• The Dividend Guy sold some dividend cut stocks.
• The Dough Roller asks if you follow the 50-50 rule of mutual fund investing.  (Click to see what the fifties are.)
• No Debt Plan continues the “No Debt Plan” series with a post on investing for retirement.  (Very nice post.)

Posts on Money Management

• Crackerjack Greenback questions whether you can really trust your financial adviser.  (It makes good sense to follow the money.)
• Smart Money Daily takes a look at whether winning the lottery is all it’s cracked up to be.  (After reading the post, I’ll probably never buy a lottery ticket.)
• About.com Financial Software lists eight good iGoogle financial gadgets.
• Wisdom Journal lays out ten economic truths we cannot ignore.
• Christian Personal Finance advocates letting your finances see the light of day.
• Sound Money Matters asks: “To gift card, or not to gift card.“  (That is the question.)
• American Consumer News doesn’t buy the two months’ salary thing.  (I don’t either.  But if I were a high-powered CEO with a yearly salary of $1, well … “Here’s your Secret Decoder Ring.  Will you marry me?”)
• My Wealth Builder lists a few personal finance strategies that have helped during times of economic crisis.

Posts on Real Estate

• Living After Foreclosure has some suggestions if you’re facing foreclosure.
• Insurance Toolbox comes through with seven practical tips for reducing your homeowner’s insurance expense.  (Some of these tips have other good side-effects in addition to lowering your insurance bill.)
• Growing Money Blog posts a rental property update.

Posts on Saving and Taxes

• Stumble Forward gives five tips to creating a stellar emergency fund.  (Covers the basics well.)
• Blogging Banks posts the best CD rates around.
• Dollar Frugal is sounding the charge and telling people to continue hypermiling.  (Great advice.  Gas prices are low because of the recession.  They’re still going to go way up as supply crunches hit.)
• The Happy Rock pits Black Friday against Buy Nothing Day.
• Deposit Accounts talks about flexible spending accounts.
• Money Smart Life compares a couple of online bank accounts.
• Saving To Invest has some end-of-year tax tips, among other things.  (Gee, I can’t imagine anyone would have capital losses this year to deduct, as kind as the market’s been to people, but just in case you do …)
• Online Banking Blog shows how to choose the best bank account.

Other Posts

• Happiness is Better lists three keys to banana-free living.  (Sounds a-peeling.)
• Curious Cat discusses a financial Thanksgiving.
• Free Money Finance asks if you’re using your dollar coins.  (All the time, man!)
• Chief Family Officer has an emergency preparedness checklist for personal finance matters.
• Digerati Life wonders if there’s any good time to start a business.
• Budgets Are Sexy is uber-tempted by sales e-mails.
• Living Almost Large asks if one should feel guilty for success.  (Absolutely not!)
• Prime Time Money gives six ways to argue less about money.

Third World Poverty: The Real Solution

Aid to Africa

We all welcomed the campaign to address poverty in Africa and Tony Blair's commitment to it. When it was launched, the emphasis was on reducing debt and increasing aid from the rich Western nations. The priorities stated were to tackle disease, especially aids, and to generate economic activity.

At the time Blair retired, after 10 years as prime minister, progress in terms of contributions from the West had been extremely disappointing. The debt issue has been addressed in only 25% of the countries where relief is needed, and the aid contribution (separate from debt relief) from the rich Western nations to African countries has actually fallen.

Today, much more is being done by China, while India is becoming increasingly involved. A key factor is that, unlike Western finance, the aid from China comes without strings. Because the Chinese are happy enough with the trade which flows from their involvement, they make little effort to impose their culture on the recipient countries.

Self-Defeating Conditions

Apart from its inadequate volume, aid from the Europe and the USA has limited impact because of the conditions imposed with grants; notable by the USA and the UK. An obvious absurdity is the 'no abortion' condition imposed by the Bush administration on grants to tackle aids. (Fortunately, this condition is not applied to some of the grants from the USA non government sector - for example, the Gates Foundation.)

A second restriction, more generally applied - especially by the UK - is the insistence on privatisation. The failure, in terms of value for money for the public, of Thatcher, Major and Blair governments' private finance initiatives (PFIs) does not appear to have dampened the enthusiasm for applying them to other countries.

In some African countries this has resulted in people becoming worse off than before the aid was granted. An obvious example is an increase in the cost of water as a result of privatisation. As with most privatisation, what appeared to be a short-term benefit has been more than wiped out by longer-term disadvantage.

What Must Change?

So the first change must be to remove the privatisation requirement. It is recognised, of course, that private firms which have succeeded in developing countries have valuable expertise. However, this should be used in the context of public control; control on behalf of indigenous people by leaders democratically elected to represent them. Although it has to be accepted that private firms exist to act in their own interests, as their obligations to shareholders require, they must recognise that their interests are not the priority with grant-aided projects. The most they should expect is a reasonable, commercially calculated, return.

Second, steps must be taken to ensure that a much smaller proportion of aid is devoured by consultants in the donor countries. These consultants are often involved in negotiating the grants: some are paid more for a week's work than an African's annual income. And, too often, the focus is on the trade benefits to the donor nations, rather than on the needs of the recipients.

Unless radical, and urgent, changes are made, the West will continue to lose influence in Africa. Europe and the USA will not be able to compete with China and India, or other emerging powers such as Venezuela, if they persists with trading agreements and arrangements which favour the rich nations.

A New Strategy

In terms of strategy, the most urgent change is to shift the emphasis to job creation; integrated with education and training. For the longer-term, literacy and social and political education is as necessary as training in the skills required by the jobs directly related to the projects. Too often the requirement (in the conditions imposed with the grants) to complete projects in a specified period ignores the issue of permanent benefit.

The key to bringing about real improvement for the poor is to ensure that investment is used to release the resources that the countries already have. The most important resource is the expertise that people have acquired from their life experiences. Millions of Africans have to be entrepreneurs to make enough money merely to survive: many who fail in this respect are no longer of this world.

Those who are still with us have gained valuable knowledge about the obstacles to success in their environments - and have devised strategies to overcome them. It is the habit of the West to seek to impose its own structures, rather than support the recipient countries' own organisations. A typical example was when Blair set up his African Commission, instead of supporting an African initiative: the recently formed New Partnership for Africa's Development.

Another valuable resource is, of course, the fund of knowledge accumulated by businesses which have figured out how to succeed in difficult trading circumstances. In being able to turn a profit, such enterprises have acquired valuable insights into the varying operation of markets in different countries.

Although private companies are entitled to a reasonable return for their contributions to projects, they must recognise that the projects are not run for their benefit. Thee needs of the recipients are paramount but, as the Chinese have recognised, benefits flow without the imposition of strict conditions.

In other words the focus must be on the longer-term benefits which can occur only with the involvement, on an equal basis, of the people themselves. Providing the approach is to integrate education and training with economic development, this can lead to the evolution of processes for democratic participation.

Ending Waste and Corruption

These changes would make a major contribution to ending waste and corruption. Although these are usually highlighted as problems in developing countries, they apply at least as much to agents operating on behalf of the donors. In how many cases have individuals and businesses from the donor countries become more prosperous as a result of their involvement, but have left the recipient countries poorer?

Paul Wolfowitz, the leader of the World Bank who is no longer with us, identified tackling corruption as his priority. His demise resulted from focusing on corruption in the developing world, while ignoring it closer, much closer, to home. From his words and actions, it could be concluded that he believed that the same standards should not be applied to the rich in the West as to the poor in developing countries.

The assumption in the West that the main, or in some circles entire, problem is with the developing countries is not sustainable. This is not to argue that they do not have problems of corruption, but to quote John Christenson (The Guardian 30/5/07): 'For each dollar of aid that goes into Africa, at least Five dollars flows out under the table.'

Keith Wymer

June 2007

About the Author

40 years experience in further education

manager of international projects in many countries, including USA, Russia,Denmark, South Africa.

campaigner for equality and democracy and against racism

You may or may not have heard the term ?ethical will?. But, for those who care about making their values and ethics part of their legacy, it is a tool to consider when planning your estate.

Unlike a ?last will and testament?, which provides for the distribution of a person?s material assets, or a ?living will?, which contains instructions for how you want to be treated medically at the end of your days, an ?ethical will? is designed to let someone preserve and share their values, principles and beliefs for heirs and future generations, though it?s not legally binding.

According to Personal Legacy Advisors? Web site, an ethical will is a letter that transmits the non-material assets that are also of great importance: your values, your story, the lessons life has taught you and the other information that is too valuable to risk being lost. Your ethical will is the tool that enables you to address the question, ?What do I want my loved ones to know??

As a concept, ethical wills are not new. The first written reference to ethical wills occurs in both the Hebrew and Christian Bibles. Examples are Genesis, chapter 49, and The Book of John, chapters 15-18. Over time, they evolved into written documents. While ethical wills were traditionally shared after death, along with the reading of an individual?s last will and testament, today they are often shared during the author?s life.

While exact figures aren?t available for how many people are writing ethical wills, they are on the rise, based on increased Web activity and sales of ethical will resources. They have gained impetus particularly in the wake of tragedies like the September 11 terrorist attacks.

Why create one? People are inclined to write an ethical will when facing a challenging event, or at a turning point in life. Some examples are facing the loss of a loved one, birth of a grandchild, expectant parents, becoming an empty-nester or approaching the end of life. Other reasons to create an ethical will include:

• Your reflections will confirm what?s important and renew appreciation of your life to date
• You will create a personal message to those you love, of priceless value in the event of your absence
• If you do not tell your personal (and family) stories, they may be lost forever
• Your material assets can be given within a personal context
• You will mitigate confusion and hurt feelings with a personal explanation of potentially controversial elements of your legal will
• Your spirit will be expressed on paper, living beyond you in a timeless way
• Your words will link the past, present and future generations of your family
• You will enjoy peace of mind knowing the most important things will have been said.

Pros and cons. The pros of an ethical include having an opportunity to influence future generations. Through the process of writing an ethical will, the writer can gain self-knowledge and come to an understanding of what?s most important to him or her. This is valuable information not only for their families but their professional advisers as well. Another pro is that ethical wills are private documents. Unlike a will, which if admitted to probate will become a matter of public record, an ethical will is a private communication and will not be made public unless the author (or recipient) so desires. The con is that an ethical will is not enforceable in a court of law. Those who want to provide specific instructions, such as who is to receive which asset or how assets are to be distributed and under what conditions, would need to put the instruction in a will or trust.

Setting up an ethical will. Ethical wills come in a variety of forms, from a short letter to a lengthy autobiographical statement, from an audio-recorded message to a bound album. There are three basic ways to create an ethical will.

1. Begin with an outline and list of suggestions. Once you?ve created a rough draft, you can review and personalize it as much as you wish.
2. Begin with guided writing exercises. For example, start with phrases such as ?From my grandparents, I learned?? or ?I am most grateful for??
3. Begin with a blank sheet of paper and write down whatever is relevant about your thoughts, experiences and feelings. This is an open-ended approach. Eventually you should be able to create a comfortable structure for your ethical will. For one-on-one help, an organization like the Association of Personal Historians may be of assistance.

Other tips from Personal Legacy Advisors include the following:

• Start today: If you were not here tomorrow, what is the most important thing you would not want left unsaid? Write it down - now you’ve begun
• Relax: You are not trying to write for the Pulitzer Prize. The letter is a gift of yourself, written for those you love
• Ask yourself: What do I want to make sure my loved ones know and have in writing
• Take it topic by topic: Don’t try to write it all at once
• Be yourself: You cannot bequeath what you never owned to begin with
• Be careful, be loving. The reach of this letter is unknowable.

Sharing your will. It?s a good idea to share your ethical will not only with family and friends, but also with your financial adviser and attorney. Knowing what you value and what?s important to you will help them to develop a personalized plan that can help you to leverage your values in the future.

An ethical will speaks to one?s posterity or descendants long after the legal will has been probated and forgotten. Of note, an ethical will is a dynamic document. Just as a will or living trust document needs to be revisited so does an ethical will, because events occur in ones’ life that have an impact on ones’ value systems.

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I made 12 phone calls today. 2.5 hours of talk time. Here’s what I learned:

1. All mortgage companies cost the same-ish.  If their rates were lower, their closing costs were higher.  If their rates were higher, the closing costs were lower.
2. Some mortgage companies sell your loans.  3 of the mortgage companies I called today gave me an unsolicited aside:  “We buy loans.  We don’t sell them.”  Does that mean that you should always go with a direct lender?  Nope.  It just means that the mortgage company might not be able to view or change things if the mortgage is owned by someone else.
3. You don’t need to give out all your information (address, social security) to get rates and closing costs.  You can get ballpark numbers as long as you provide the purchase price, the down payment amount, and the type of mortgage.
4. If you call a company and they won’t give you any estimated numbers without giving all your information, hang up.  Call again.  A different mortgage specialist will be glad to help you without giving all your information.
5. Closing cost fees are where you can differentiate a mortgage company from another.  Ask the mortgage people to break down their closing fees.  Fees can include:
   • Property appraisal
   • Credit report
   • Lender’s inpsection
   • Mortgage insurance application
   • Assumption
   • Mortgage broker fee
   • Tax related service fee
   • Application
   • Commitment
   • Rate lock
   • Processing
   • Underwriting
   • Wire transfer
   • Abstract or title search
   • Title examination
   • Document preparation
   • Notary
   • Attorney
   • Title insurance
   • Recording
   • City/county tax stamps
   • Transfer tax
   • Survey
   • Pest inspection
   • Condominium application
   • Prepaids for interest
   • Prepaids for hazard insurance
   • Prepaids for property taxes
   • Prepaids for mortgage insurance
   • Prepaids for flood insurance
6. The rates and payments assume you have great credit and good stability.  They want to quote you the best rate and closing costs possible so they pretty much assume you’re a model citizen.
7. Lenders don’t like it too much if you’re quitting your job and you don’t have a job secured yet.  Hopefully you have a wife or wife-to-be who looks more stable to lenders.
8. They ask you if the down payment is gift money or if you saved it on your own.  No one gave me a clear answer on why they ask that question.
9. Do your research even if your wife-to-be’s sister’s soon-to-be husband is a mortgage specialist.  You never know…
10. Every mortgage person you talk to will give you a piece of advice.  The advice that resurfaces the most is probably important.

Did I apply for a mortgage yet?  Nope.  This whole day just narrowed down my choice to 2 or 3 mortgage lenders.  Time to talk to Miss Soon-To-Be-Wife…

Sponsor: Brohans Video Blog - It’s Like Binary Dollar. Except you don’t learn anything.

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Everyone loves a good tax tip. And now that tax season is in full swing, the IRS and other experts have started to issue tip after tip after tip. Here?s a recap:

Getting a jump on your taxes long before the April deadline is the best tip of all. To do so, the IRS recommends gathering your records in advance, including W-2s and 1099s. In addition, the IRS recommends getting the right forms, all of which are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week at the IRS Web site. That site also has some helpful calculators to get you started.

That being said, tax payers should avoid getting too early a jump on their taxes. With the preferential qualified stock dividend rate, complicated foreign tax credits, lower capital gains rates and other changes over the last few years, many investors are finding that they receive Revised 1099s, or other tax reporting documents, well into March. If you?ve already filed your return, this can lead to costs of re-filing an amended return that you may wish to avoid. The best bet may be to get your tax return all completed, and then hold off filing it until the end of March, to see if any amended 1099s arrive.

Of course, keeping organized, thorough records is the key to filing on time. The IRS suggests that you can avoid headaches at tax time by keeping track of your receipts and other records throughout the year. Good record-keeping will help you remember the various transactions you made during the year and help you document the deductions you?ve claimed on your return. You?ll need this documentation should the IRS select your return for examination. Normally, tax records should be kept for three years, but some documents ? such as records relating to a home purchase or sale, stock transactions, IRA and business or rental property ? should be kept longer.

To be sure, some citizens wonder whether they need to file a tax return. According to the IRS, you must file a tax return if your income is above a certain level and that amount varies depending on filing status, age and the type of income you receive. For example a married couple, under age 65, generally is not required to file for the 2006 tax year until their joint income exceeds $16,900. Even if you do not have to file, the IRS notes that you should file to get money back if Federal Income Tax was withheld from your pay, or you qualify for certain credits.

It?s also important to choose your correct filing status, of which there are five options. According to the IRS, your federal tax filing status is based on your marital and family situation. It is an important factor in determining whether you must file a return, your standard deduction and your correct amount of tax.

Besides choosing the correct filing status, it?s important to calculate whether you should itemize deductions or not? And that will depend on how much you spent on certain expenses last year. According to the IRS, money paid for medical care in excess of 7.5 percent of adjusted gross income (AGI), mortgage interest, taxes, charitable contributions, casualty losses and miscellaneous deductions in excess of 2 percent of AGI can reduce your taxes. If the total amount spent on those categories is more than the standard deduction, you can usually benefit by itemizing. The standard deduction amounts are based on your filing status and are subject to inflation adjustments each year.

Also of note, if you gave any one person gifts in 2006 that valued at more than $12,000, you must report the total gifts to the IRS and may have to pay tax on the gifts (if, including prior taxable gifts, in excess of your $1 million lifetime exclusion). The person who receives your gift does not have to report the gift to the IRS or pay gift or income tax on its value. Gifts include money and property, including the use of property without expecting to receive something of equal value in return. There are some exceptions to the tax rules on gifts.

In some cases, a taxpayer may want to consider using a paid tax preparer. If so, the IRS has tips on its Web site to follow. Of note, only attorneys, CPAs and enrolled agents can represent taxpayers before the IRS in all matters including audits, collection actions and appeals. Although you might not find that you need the services of a paid CPA or accountant every year, having a relationship established when unexpected opportunities or events occur will make getting timely professional input that much easier. Someone who knows your income and deduction patterns, and can quickly answer routine questions or research the more complicated issues, may well be worth the price ? even in the years when things seem straightforward.

When completing your tax return, make sure that you take your time, double-check your math and verify all Social Security numbers. Math errors and incorrect Social Security numbers are among the most common mistakes found on tax returns.

And remember, if you are getting a tax refund, consider making an automatic contribution to your IRA; this is the first year that this can be done.

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We’re nearly midway through December already. That means 2009 is just around the corner. In the spirit of the new year, I’d like to ask:

What are your 2009 Financial Goals?

Here are mine in order of importance:

1. MAX OUT my wife’s 401(k). We haven’t maxed out her 401(k) in years. The market’s down so it’s the PERFECT time to get back into the habit. The IRS raised the employee contribution limit to $16,500 for 2009. My wife gets paid twice a month so that means she will be contributing $687.50 per paycheck. Wowza!

On top of that, she’ll also get a generous employer-match of 75% of the first 6%, or 4.50%. The employer-match should easily put her over the $20,000 contribution mark for the year (and maybe even closer to $25,000 if we get profit-sharing).

2. Recommit to our budget. I know, I know,…we should already be doing this. However, I got kind of lazy and complacent and haven’t stuck to our budget. We make decent money so it’s really silly of us not to using our income wisely. We do save money each month but we could do a lot better with some discipline.

3. Continue building up our emergency fund. Our efund is nowhere near where I’d like it to be. So, the third goal for 2009 is to get it to $10,000.

Those are my financial goals. What are yours?

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Essentially, Leasing is just an alternative way to finance a new vehicle. We know that when purchasing a new vehicle the down payment, sales tax and license fees are required to be paid up front. However when leasing a new vehicle you are required to pay only the first monthly payment, a security deposit (usually same as monthly payment), and the license fees. The sales tax (which is based on the capitalized value of the vehicle) is actually amortized over the term of the lease in most states. In other words, the taxes are included in the monthly payments.

Capitalized Cost

Essentially the capitalized cost of a new vehicle is the actual price you have agreed to pay for the vehicle.

Gross Capitalized Cost

The gross capitalized cost of a new vehicle includes the selling price of the vehicle (which is the capitalized cost plus acquisition fees, extended warranty, accident & health insurance, dealer title fee, payoff on your trade-in, credit life insurance, gap insurance and any other fees the dealer decides to charge you). Buyer beware; that most people really don't ever know what their capitalized cost is because it is buried within the gross capitalized cost and the dealer doesn't actually reveal this number unless he has to. Most car deals made at auto dealerships are negotiated on the basis of payment rather than price. This applies to both leasing and purchasing. Don't get caught in this trap! Make the dealer reveal the selling price for every payment offer he makes you!

Adjusted Capitalized Cost

The adjusted capitalized cost of a new vehicle is the gross capitalized cost minus (-) your down payment, net trade-in amount, rebates, license fees and taxes along with any other deductions given.

Depreciation/Residual

When purchasing a new vehicle your payments are based on the full value or selling price, plus extended warranty, tax & license, minus (-) rebate, down payment and net trade-in value. However, when you lease a vehicle your payments are based only on the "depreciation or your use" of the vehicle during the entire term of the lease. The depreciation is actually only a portion of the capitalized cost of the vehicle and is determined by the term of the lease, number of miles driven and condition of the vehicle at the end of the lease. The payments on a lease are based on the deprecation money factor (which is a form of interest rate) and the amortized taxes. Therefore, you can actually drive a more expensive vehicle with a lower payment if you lease. Please note that the depreciation is actually estimated and set at the inception of the lease.

The residual is the portion or balance of the adjusted capitalized cost after the deprecation has been deducted. The residual is just put aside in limbo until the end of the lease. The higher the residual - the lower your monthly payment. At the end of the lease you have two options. You can either turn the vehicle back into the bank or leasing company, or you can buy the vehicle outright for the residual balance. You can even refinance the residual. But keep in mind if you turn in the vehicle with more mileage than allowed on your contract, you will be charged any where from .12¢ to .25¢ for each extra mile. In an auto lease you are limited to a specific number of miles in your lease contact. The average would be from 12,000 to 15,000 miles per year. You may drive any number of miles in any given year but you cannot exceed the number of allotted miles or you will be penalized. If you purchase the vehicle the charge for the extra mileage will normally be waved. Most banks and finance companies will allow you to add an extra 15,000 to 20,000 miles to your lease contract depending on the term of the lease. However, the cost of the extra miles will be added to your gross capitalization cost and your monthly payment will be increased accordingly.

Ownership

When you have entered into a lease contract you cannot terminate the lease or turn-in your vehicle prior to the ending date of the contract. If you do this the bank will report this as a voluntary repossession on your credit record. On an auto lease the vehicle is actually registered and titled to the bank or leasing company. Therefore you do not own the vehicle, the bank does. You get to use the vehicle and are legally responsible for the upkeep and maintenance. Please note, if you don't maintain the vehicle during the lease you will be penalized for all excessive wear-and-tear when you turn it in. Also, if you really needed to get out of your lease you can buy out of the lease if you can get the financing or you can get someone to take over your lease. Of course, they will have to qualify.

Vehicle Warranties

The average new car warranty is 36 months or 36000 miles, which ever comes first. It is not recommended that you enter into a 4, 5 or 6 year lease contract because they are not economical. Even with a four-year lease it is common for the residual to be higher than the actual value of the vehicle at the end of the lease which makes it very hard to refinance. If you are like a lot of people you can lease a new vehicle every 2 to 3 years and never have to buy an extended warranty. The only time it would be beneficial to buy an extended warranty is if you knew you were going to buy the vehicle outright at the end of the lease.

Gap Insurance

Gap Insurance is basically insurance coverage on the difference between the actual value of your vehicle and the balance you owe on the lease including the residual. This kind of protection is needed in case your vehicle is involved in an accident and is declared a total loss. Gap Insurance is important especially for people who lease vehicles. The lease on a vehicle is actually designed for the balance owed to be upside-down in relation to the actual value of the vehicle until approximately the end date of the lease term. At this time the residual should fall in line or be equal to the vehicle's actual value. Gap Insurance is good for purchase financing as well. The gap is not as large as in leasing, but you still stand the chance of having to put out a great deal of money.

Final Advice

Remember, there are two main factors you must consider when you are thinking about leasing an automobile. The first is how long you intend to keep the vehicle and the second is how many miles you travel annually. If you intend to keep the vehicle a maximum of three years and you only average 15,000 miles a year, then you should definitely consider leasing. If you want to keep the new vehicle for more than three years, you should consider purchasing.

When you lease a vehicle, you very rarely have to put any money down, so lease a new vehicle every two to three years and you won't owe any money on the old vehicle, plus you'll never have to buy an extended warranty. Also, you will have spent a ton of money less for each vehicle than if you had purchased them. If you want to keep a vehicle longer just buy it at the end of the lease.

Remember, don't let the dealer try to sell you on the basis of payments. Negotiate on the price only and when you have agreed on the price then tell them you have a trade-in. When you have agreed to your trade-in value then tell them you want to lease the new vehicle. Now you know what to do from here. Also, dealerships have a tendency to quote lease payments without the monthly tax. This makes a big difference in the monthly payments. If you don't control this you will be sadly surprised when you go into the finance manager to sign the paperwork. One more thing - when you are signing the lease contract, be sure to verify that the trade-in value you have agreed upon is actually deducted from the capitalized cost. Otherwise the dealer could wind up purchasing your trade for pennies and you would never know.

Visit My site http://www.autopurchasesecrets.com for more free information on the secrets the dealerships don't want you to know.

About the Author

Brad spent thirteen years in the Automobile business, specifically auto sales and worked for several Dealerships. He held positions from Retail Salesman up through New Car Manager and Fleet Manager. During this period Brad received an excellent education on what goes on inside the Automobile Dealerships. You can visit and communicate with Brad at his website http://www.autopurchasese

1. Bring your ads to the store. Many stores offer “lowest price” guarantees, but you need to bring proof to get your product for a lower price.

2. Ask for a gift receipt. If you’re buying somebody a present, this is a big deal. No gift receipt means people might get stuck with a gift they don’t want/need.

3. Early bird discounts. If you’re going to save “big” money, the only way you’re going to do it is to show up early. Usually stores have the huge deals 5am-11am or so.

4. Don’t feel obligated to buy something. If you get to the store too late and all the items you wanted are sold out, don’t feel the need to still buy something at a regular price. That’s the big “scam” of Black Friday. Stores have a handful of items at low prices, then want you to buy everything else at the regular price once they’ve got you in there.

- Edwin, CashTheChecks.com

The bill specifies 10 key provisions that are designed to structure and regulate the claims process to an even more stringent degree. However, the bill requires business owners to be more involved in employee claims or risk incurring substantial fines and litigation.

Therefore, while the SB 899 has the potential to provide significant cost-reduction options, employers need to drive the process and remain involved in the handling of employee claims to benefit from these savings.

The following key points are areas of the bill specifically designed to reduce claims costs.

2. Attorneys for injured workers do not get to select doctors for treatment or evaluation of injuries, if the employer has a comprehensive medical network available for care of injured employees.

4. Temporary disability payments are limited to 2 years in most cases, down from 5 years previously.

6. Utilization review guidelines are strengthened, specifically defining what constitutes ?medically necessary? treatment.

The following points could result in an increase in employer operational costs.

2. Disability awards are increased by 15% if modified work is not offered.

1. Effective 1/1/2005, a medical provider network should be created and active.

3. Review and update the ?carve out? portion of your Collective Bargaining Agreement.

If a claim has already been filed, the following steps should be implemented:

2. Each injured employee should submit an accident statement directly after the injury has occurred.

4. After the employee has been examined, diagnosed and approved to return to work, the employer should submit a written offer of return to work.

This Thursday is Thanksgiving in the United States.  If you’re traveling, please do so safely.  And especially with all of the market turmoil and uncertainty, please do what you can to focus on what you have and be thankful for it.

Here are this week’s posts selected for the Carnival of Debt Reduction, starting with the earliest submission:

• Tough Money Love has some choice words for credit card issuers and some debtors who would benefit from a bailout.
• Money Help and Tips comes through with a quickie on how not to abuse your credit cards.
• Destroy Debt lists over six dozen ways to save money while saving the environment.
• Financial Wellness Project wrote a guest post over at Clever Dude reviewing You’re Broke Because You Want To Be by Larry Winget and highlighting twelve rules of debt elimination.
• Deposit Accounts Blog gives a few ways to save money by trimming household expenses.
• Master Your Card shares six things she’s learned from being in debt.
• Economic Crunch played a high-stakes salary-negotiation game that paid off handsomely toward her debt reduction.
• Fix My Personal Finance has some thoughts on how to boost savings.
• Studenomics explains an interesting debt-ranking system.
• Bible Money Matters illustrates a way to control spending using the envelope system.
• Debt Reduction Formula has some reflections on money and debt.
• Budgets Are Sexy asks if you really have to use your credit card for things.
• Debt Free Destiny asks how freely your cash is flowing.
• Credit Card Assist lists the top three ways to build better credit.
• Finance Tips 101 asks if you’ve considered debt consolidation.
• Discover Debt Freedom gives a few suggestions for rescuing your finances.
• Digerati Life asks how the economy has affected how you save money.
• Broke Grad Student lists eight resources for finding college scholarships.
• The Smarter Wallet gives a number of frugal tips for clothes-shopping online.
• Saving Advice rattles off a number of ways to feel better without spending a lot of money.
• Credit Addict explains how to evaluate balance transfer credit card offers.
• The Happy Rock reviews Dave Ramsey’s Baby Steps.

Next week we have Green Panda Treehouse hosting.  Have a great week!

Finance Findings is Binary Dollar’s periodic link dump.

• My Personal Saving and Investing System [Sun’s Financial Diary]
• What Have You Got Against Credit Cards? [Tao]
• Curb Appeal: One Of My Best Investments Yet Or How I Turned $80 Into $5,000 With Minimal Risk [Digerati Life]
• Understanding the Fine Print of a Loan Can Save You Money and Grief [Generation X Finance]
• Alternative Income Streams Progress - June 2007 [Lazy Man and Money]
• Are Real Estate Agents Worth the Money? [Money Smart Life]
• The Best Online Brokers [Free Money Finance]
• Eight Things To Consider When Buying Someone Out [Mighty Bargain Hunter]
• Four Reasons You Should Get A Payday Loan [Blueprint]
• Eco-Friendly Energy Savings [Five Cent Nickel]

Send your submissions for Finance Findings to henry@binarydollar.com.

Sponsor: Parlayer - Henry and Matt blog about sports and stuff.

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Oil dropped another $3.12 to $43.67…the lowest level since January 2005.

If someone would have told me back in July that oil was going to be trading in the 40s by the end of the year, I wouldn’t have believed them. It’s simply amazing how quickly things can turn.

Of course the bad side to all this is that now there’s less incentive for finding alternative fuels. I guess all those plans will get put on the back burner until it makes financial sense to go for them.

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Cost Segregation

One of the great advantages of commercial property investing is the tax benefits. The IRS has a program that allows the owners of apartment buildings or any other commercial property to increase the level of accelerated depreciation allowed in a tax year.

The tax savings may go back to property acquired after 1986, and they apply to new or future construction. They also extend to existing buildings under renovation, expansion and leasehold improvements, as well as to property about to be acquired. It can also be used for financial accounting, insurance and property tax purposes. The primary goal of a cost segregation study is to identify all construction-related costs that qualify for accelerated income tax depreciation. Cost segregation is not a tax shelter and it is not tax evasion.

Ask Yourself These Questions To Determine if You and Your Property Qualify:

Do you own a commercial property valued at $500,000 or more?

Do you pay federal income taxes?

Do you operate a corporation or entity that is for-profit?

Are you planning to the hold the property for more than one year?

To Obtain the Benefits of Cost Segregation You Must Get a Study

Your cost segregation study will analyze the taxes and costs incurred to buy, construct or renovate any kind of commercial real estate. You will need to procure the services of an expert or CPA to conduct the study. The CPA will dissect the costs to determine the accelerated income tax schedules. In order to meet the minimum qualifications of a cost segregation study, property owners must be taxpayers or intend to pay taxes. The cost of a study can range between $10,000 and $100.000.00 depending on the size and complexity of the project.

Advantages of Cost Segregation

• Considerable return on investments property that do not need to be insured.
• Increased tax deductions for depreciation and reduces taxable income.
• Opportunity to correct misclassified assets and claim “catch-up” tax deductions.
• Ability to achieve faster building and acquisition cost write offs.
• Reduction in insurance costs by identifying the components of the property that do not need to be insured.
• Determine personal property versus real property for write off versus capitalization prior to construction. This allows you to write off these items opposed to capitalizing the assets. This can provide you with huge tax benefits.
• Defers taxes on capital gain amounts until the property is sold.
• Reduces real estate property taxes.
• Reduces federal income tax and increases depreciation.

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This Post is from the BiggerPockets Real Estate Blog. Copyright © 2008 BiggerPockets, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Apartment Building Cost Segregation Analysis